Gemstones vary in hardness, toughness, and sensitivity to heat, light, and chemicals. A durable stone may tolerate everyday wear better than a softer or more fragile one, but even a resilient gem can chip if struck against a hard surface. Learn the care needs of the specific stone in your ring or pendant instead of assuming every gem can be cleaned the same way.
For many sturdy, nonporous gemstones, a soft cloth and mild soapy water can remove everyday residue, followed by a careful rinse and thorough drying. Use a soft brush only when appropriate, and avoid ultrasonic or steam cleaners unless a qualified professional confirms they are safe for that stone and setting. Opals, pearls, turquoise, and some treated gems need especially gentle handling.
Remove gemstone jewelry before gardening, sports, heavy lifting, or tasks involving chemicals. Store each piece separately to prevent harder stones from scratching softer ones. Check that settings look secure and that a stone does not move when gently touched; do not attempt to tighten prongs yourself. A jeweler can inspect the setting and recommend a cleaning method suited to the gem, treatments, and metal.